The American Revolution

George Washington performing a Masonic ritual in 1793
during the lay down of the cornerstone for the Capitol building

Meanwhile, on the other side of the pond, a revolution was about to start against George III, King of Great Britain. It’s obvious that the American colonies had legitimate reasons to demand independence, but what’s odd about this uprising, is the fact that a large number of those promoting the revolt were actually members of secret societies (mainly Freemasonry). For example: from the 56 signers of the Declaration of Independence at least 9 (16%) were freemasons; from the 39 signers of the US Constitution at least 12 (33%) were freemasons; and from the 74 generals in the Continental Army at least 34 (46%) were freemasons. [1] It’s also odd that every major building in Washington DC had a cornerstone laid down under a Masonic ritual (i.e. Capitol building -laid by George Washington-, the Washington Monument, the Smithsonian, the White House, the Independence Hall in Philadelphia -laid by Benjamin Franklin-, and many others). [2] And it’s even odder that a Christian nation like the US was packed with multitude of Masonic, occult and pagan symbolism.

I personally have no doubt that the American Revolution was mainly a Masonic upraising (since most common Americans didn't even take part in it); and I have no reason to doubt that most of them might had noble intentions, though it is not the object of this essay to judge Freemasonry. But, you must be asking by now: where’s the relation between these American Freemasons, usury and the Rothschild family; apart from the fact that the Scottish Rite of Freemasonry and the Rothschild family shared the same emblem, and both had the monarchy in their way?

A highly probable connection is a Jewish immigrant named Haym Solomon. He journeyed around Europe during the 1760s, and acquired knowledge of finances and languages. In 1775, he arrived in New York where he established himself as a broker dealing with overseas trade between Europe and the colonies. He joined the Sons of Liberty and was captured by the British (twice); who wanted to use him as a translator with the Hessian Mercenaries [3] (yes, the same ones that Rothschild hired on behalf of William I to other nations, and which were casually employed by Britain at that time). The fact that Solomon spoke the same language as the Hessian mercenaries (German) proves nonetheless that he was for a few years in the same country as Mayer Rothschild; but still doesn’t prove any connection. However, the odd part about Solomon’s story is not his involvement in a revolution that had absolutely nothing to do with him; or that he was able to establish himself as a finacier on arrival to New York; or that he had frequent contacts with Europe through his business; or that he was captured twice by the British and both times managed to escape (even when the last time he was due for execution). The odd part of his story is that he ended selling bills of exchange to American merchants, supporting various members of the Continental Congress, and negotiating the sale of the majority of the war aid from France and Holland. And he achieved all this even before the war ended. I personally find it difficult to believe that he could have achieved all that on his own without being well connected both in New York and overseas. But that's just my opinion. Besides, that’s not the end of the story. Some researchers believe that while he was seeking funding for the war in Europe (Holland and France), he met with the Rothschilds, who allegedly gave him, along with the Sassoon family, £3.5 million. [3] However, other researchers say it’s not possible that Solomon ever met a Rothschild, since the Rothschilds didn’t establish themselves in France until a few years later. But this argument doesn’t really prove that Solomon did not visit Germany again to see the Rothschilds; after all, Germany is a neighbouring country to both France and Holland. Other researchers say that it doesn’t make sense, because Mayer Rothschild had just hired the Hessian army to the British. [3] But this also doesn't prove anything; as the Rothschilds could have hired the army on behalf of William I to the British, and at the same time fund the revolution with their own money, or even convince William I to play both sides.

On the other hand we have Alexander Hamilton; who some believe was a Rothschild agent. [4] Hamilton's mother was first married to Johann Michael Lavien (a German Jewish merchant), from whom she separated in 1950; five years before Hamilton's birth. Because of this separation, she could not legally marry again with Hamilton's father, James A., therefore Hamilton was no allowed in the local Christian school. Instead, he had individual tutoring and classes in a private Jewish school. He became the first United States Secretary of the Treasury, Founding Father, economist, political philosopher, and chief of staff for George Washington. He was also the most influential members of Washington's Cabinet, and his financial expert. [5] Hamilton was an advocated for the establishment of a federal bank to be owned by private interests, and for the creation of debt-money; for which he used false arguments to convince Washington. Eventually he convinced the President -despite the opposition of Thomas Jefferson (by then Secretary of State)- and a federal bank was created in 1791 with a 20 years charter. Although it was termed “Bank of the United States”, it was not owned by the nation (but by individual stockholders -private bankers-). The name was purposely chosen to deceive the American population and to make them believe that they were the owners of the bank. The charter for the Bank ran out in 1811, and Congress voted against its renewal, thanks to the influence of Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson. [4]

To be completely fair, at this point we should ask ourselves a question: if both Jefferson and Washington were Freemasons [*], were supposedly connected -through freemasonry- with the International bankers, and shared the same goals and aganda, why did they disagree on such an important issue as the Federal Bank? To complicate matters even further, it is a well known fact that Jefferson spoke in admiration of Adam Weishaupt (founder of the Illuminati order and Rothschild agent; as I will expose in the next chapter) in various occasions, even though he was the one against the Federal Bank. Jefferson said: “… if Weishaupt had written here, where no secrecy is necessary in our endeavours to render men wise & virtuous, he would not have thought of any secret machinery for that purpose.”; he also tagged Weishaupt as “an enthusiastic philanthropist”. [6] Washington also wrote, in a letter from 1798, about Weishaupt's Illuminati: "It was not my intention to doubt that the doctrines of the Illuminati and principles of Jacobinism had not spread in the United States. On the contrary, no one is more truly satisfied of this fact than I am." Therefore, there is no doubt that both Jefferson and Washington agreed with Weishaupt’s philosophy, as most Freemasons would probably do in those times. But this does not prove that the American Freemasons were directly and knowingly involved in the banker’s plot, nor directly connected to Weishaupt's Illuminati (which was created 1 year after the American Revolution began). What is true is that American Freemasons, through their revolution, facilitated Mayer Rothschild’s first attempt to expand his banking business overseas (which nearly succeeded); and that’s definitely a good reason to fund and promote a Revolution (as we’ll clearly see during the chapter "The French Revolution").


… Next Chapter: Benjamin Franklin


References:
[1] Paul M. Bessel, “Freemasons amongst the Founding Fathers”, 1998 (http://www.bessel.org/foundmas.htm)
[2] George Adams, Grand Master of DC Freemasonry, Sep. 18, 1993 public speech.
[3] Wikipedia: Haym Solomon (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haym_Solomon)
[4] Louis Even, “In This Age of Plenty”, Montreal, 1946.
[5] Wikipedia: Alexander Hamilton (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton)
[6] Wikipedia: Adam Weishaupt (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Weishaupt)

[*] It is still disputed whether or not Thomas Jefferson was a freemason.